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Autism / Asperger Syndrome

Definitions

Autism

According to the National Autistic Association, Autism is an invisible disability, which affects the way people communicate and relate to the world around them. People with Autism often have difficulties with everyday social interaction and making sense of the world. Specifically, people with autism generally experience three main areas of difficulty:

  • Social Interaction (for example, they may appear detached or indifferent)
  • Social Communication (for example, not fully understanding the meaning of common gestures, facial expressions or tone of voice)
  • Imagination (for example, having a limited range of imaginative activities, possibly copied and pursued rigidly and repetitively)

In addition, many show repetitive behaviour patterns and resistance to change in routine. Some people with the condition have accompanying learning difficulties.

Asperger Syndrome

Asperger syndrome is a form of autism, and many traits are common (including the three main areas listed above). However, people with Asperger syndrome usually have fewer problems with language than those with autism, and do not usually have the accompanying learning difficulties; in fact people with Asperger syndrome are often of average or above average intelligence.

People with Asperger syndrome often develop special, almost obsessive, interest in a particular area. Usually their interest involves arranging or memorising facts and figures about a particular subject. People with Asperger syndrome often find change upsetting and prefer to order their day according to a set pattern. Any unexpected change to this pattern can make them anxious and upset.

These are the main features, but every person is an individual, and these characteristics will vary greatly and some may be demonstrated more strongly than others.

Things to consider

In the workplace, people with Asperger syndrome can offer a great deal - punctuality, reliability and dedication - though informed and understanding employers and colleagues are essential.

Asperger syndrome affects social interaction, not intellectual ability and some people with Asperger syndrome have a specific area of interest and expertise that can make them very useful to an organisation. Many people with Asperger syndrome thrive in jobs that require a set routine, and focus on processes rather than creative thinking.

Remember to find out as much as you can of the implications of the syndrome for the individual, and where their strengths and weaknesses lie. You could ask the applicant to provide a brief medical letter stating their diagnosis and giving a brief explanation of the ways it is likely to affect them. This can help you understand the changes you may make to need for that specific individual.

Case Studies

Katherine and Alex both found jobs with the help of Prospects. Read about what their employers thought at www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=149&a=2329.

Resources

GO Wales is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
National Autistic Society
Charity providing information about, and support to, people with autistic spectrum disorders.
Prospects
Prospects is an employment consultancy service which works with the National Autistic Society to help people with autism and Asperger syndrome to find work.
Techdis
This site contains an extensive database of adaptive technology solutions for a range of disabilities.